10 Lead Element Facts (Pb or Atomic Number 82)

Lead is a heavy metal you encounter in everyday life in solder, stained glass windows, and possibly your drinking water. Here are 10 lead element facts. Fast Facts: Lead Element Name: LeadElement Symbol: PbAtomic Number: 82Atomic Weight: 207.2Element Category: Basic Metal or Post-Transition MetalAppearance: Lead is a metallic gray solid at room temperature.Electron Configuration:  [Xe] 4f14  5d10  6s2  6p2Oxidation State: The most common oxidation state is 2, followed by 4. The 3, 1, 1-, 2-, and 4- states also occur. Interesting Lead Element Facts Lead has atomic number 82, which means each lead atom has 82 protons. This is the highest atomic number for the stable elements. Natural lead consists of a mixture of 4 stable isotopes, although radioisotopes also exist. The element name lead comes from the Anglo-Saxon word for the metal.  Its chemical symbol is Pb, which is based on the word plumbum, the old Latin name for lead.Lead is a considered a basic metal or post-transition metal. It is a shiny blue-white metal when freshly cut, but oxidizes to a dull gray in air. It is a shiny chrome-silver when melted. While lead is dense, ductile, and malleable like many other metals, several of its properties are not what one would consider metallic. For example, the metal has a low melting point (327.46  oC)  and is a poor conductor of electricity.Lead is one of the metals that was known to ancient man. It is sometimes called the first metal (although the ancients also knew gold silver, and other metals). Alchemists associated the metal with the planet Saturn and quested for a way to transmute lead into gold.Over half the lead produced today is used in lead-acid car batteries. While lead does occur (rarely) in nature in its pure form, most of the lead produced today comes from recycled batteries. Lead is found in the mineral galena (PbS) and ores of copper, zinc, and silver.  Lead is highly toxic. The element primarily affects the central nervous system. It is particularly dangerous to babies and children, where lead exposure can stunt development. Lead is a cumulative poison. Unlike many toxins, there really is no safe exposure level to lead, even though it is present in many common materials.Lead is the only metal which exhibits zero Thomson effect. In other words, when an electrical current is passed through a sample of lead, heat is neither absorbed nor released.While modern scientists can readily distinguish most elements, it used to be difficult to tell lead and tin apart because the two metals share so many similar properties. So, for a long time the two elements were considered to be different forms of the same metal. The ancient Romans referred to lead as plumbum nigrum, which means black lead. They called tin plumbum candidum, which means bright lead.Wood pencils have never actually contained lead, even though lead is soft enough it could be used for writing. Pencil lead is a type of graphite the Romans called  plumbago, which means act for lead. The name stuck, even though the two materials are different. Lead is, however, related to graphite. Graphite is a form or allotrope of carbon. Lead belongs to the carbon family of elements.There are countless uses for lead. Because of its high corrosion resistance, the ancient Romans used it for plumbing. While this sounds like a dangerous practice, hard water forms scale inside pipes, lessening exposure to the toxic element. Even in modern times, lead solder has been common for welding plumbing fixtures. Lead has been added to ga soline to reduce engine knock, to face paints and paints used for toys and buildings, and even in cosmetics and foods (in the past) to add a sweet flavor. It is used to make stained glass, leaded crystal, fishing sinkers, radiation shields, bullets, scuba weights, roofing, ballasts, and statues. While once common as a paint additive and pesticide, lead compounds are less commonly used now because of their lingering toxicity. The sweet taste of the compounds makes them attractive to children and pets.The abundance of lead in the Earths crust is  14 parts per million by weight. The abundance in the solar system is  10 parts per billion by weight.

Family Systems Differ from Home to Home Essay - 768 Words

Everyone has an ideal view of what a family system should be and how it should be ran. However in today’s society it is very difficult to always follow what others think due to the lack of love and trust within individuals who decide that in the moment a family is what they want until the time comes and a family is not what they can handle. As a young child, I grew up with both parents, and thought that life was superb. However things did not last long and I soon was a product of a single parent home. Now for me double parenting and single parenting did not have much effect on me growing up but now I so desire for a family where I have a husband and he is there not only as my husband but a father, a provider for our family, and a†¦show more content†¦For example growing up as a child, my family comprised of my mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, and uncle (my mom’s brother) all living under the same roof. Everyone in the family played a part and understood what th eir role was. The men in the family took care of things such as taking out the trash, occasional cleaning, in the winter they would bring in firewood, and take care of any handiwork that needed to be done. As far as the women, they always went to the grocery store; they took care of the children, prepared meals, and did most of the cleaning. It was what worked for us. Now when my mom got her own home and my dad came along with us (they were never married), the balance in my grandmother’s house was off. There were fewer mouths to feed and less hands helping with the work that needed to be done. It was an odd and awkward time for us but we were able to start our own homeostasis. The family system worked totally different at my mother’s home. My mother was the breadwinner and my dad was the â€Å"stay at home dad† and he took care of the housework and me while my mom worked. Either way it still worked out though it was not the same as at my grandparentâ₠¬â„¢s home but everyone was still able to play a part which did not through off our balance. When my parents separated the balance was there but it was all being put on one person now. My mom was the breadwinner; cook, cleaner, babysitter, and handyShow MoreRelatedTrue Education : What Motive Is Appeal?1397 Words   |  6 Pageslife’s duties. The educational system in Mesoamerica aka Anahuac was and is exactly this, to receive instructional and physical studies, develop physical powers and mental faculties that go in harmony with the moral values, and while that was taught in school, there was also a home education given. Anahuac’s education was and is unique, authentic, and distinct from other educational systems during their existence as well as very different from the educational system we have now in the United StatesRead MoreFamily, By Lee Herrick887 Words   |  4 Pages Family What Is This Thing Called Family is written by Lee Herrick, who was born in South Korea, adopted at eleven months, and raised in California (Herrick). This article states author’s perspective on the notion of family, based on his own experience. Herrick used to be laughed at because of his race when young. For the reason that certain Americans look down on Asian, little Herrick felt difficult to get on well with some local kids, even could not understand why these peers treated him like thisRead MoreHospitals And The Health Care System1248 Words   |  5 Pagespertains to our health care system. 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I will also show whether or not there is specific data to support one particular approach overRead MoreThe Cost Of Living Within The City Of Weslaco : A Case Study1376 Words   |  6 PagesHousing The housing conditions found within the city of Weslaco differ from section to section depending on the different sides of town. For example, on the South side of town where Aurora House is located, the rich professional community is most commonly found while, the impoverished members of the communities or those living in colonias are located to the North side of Weslaco. Furthermore, homes located on the South side of Weslaco or rather, the rich professional community which is made upRead MoreEssay on Market Forces Affecting The Long-Term Care Industry1585 Words   |  7 Pagesmay differ according to a facilitys location in a rural or metropolitan area, each factor must be evaluated to develop marketing strategies. Demographics - According to the National Planning Data Corporation, more than 515,700 persons 65 and older are estimated to reside within Minnesota in 1987. This is projected to increase to a level of 531,700 by 1992. The largest growth is shown in those elderly above the age of 75, the population segment which comprises the majority of nursing home demandRead MoreHomeschooling And Public Schools : Types Of Schooling Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesgov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372). Homeschooling and public schools are the same in a few ways, including the same courses are being instructed and they are a form of education. They are different in schedules, extracurricular activities, and differ in number of staff. From the results of statistics, it is clear that both types of schooling are actively being utilized. Whether more children attend public school, or are homeschooled, there are a few similarities and differences between them. HomeschoolingRead MoreHomeschooling Vs Public Schools Are Two Forms Of Education Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesgov/fastfacts/display.asp?id=372). Homeschooling and public schools are the same in a few ways, including the same courses are being taught and they are a form of education. They are different in schedules, extracurricular activities, and differ in number of staff. From the results of statistics, it is clear that both forms of education are actively in use. Whether more children attend public school, or are homeschooled, there are a few similarities and differences between them. Homeschooling and publicRead MorePerspective Essay on the Code of the Streets856 Words   |  4 Pagesviolent norms within this culture. Anderson notes that two groups coexist simultaneously in the inner-cities which he labels as the â€Å"decent† and the â€Å"streets.† Although both groups suffer economic difficulties, they differ in values mainly instilled through parenting and the home environment. The decent group seeks to adopt mainstream middle-class values, such as a love, respect and law-abiding citizens nonviolently. Whereas the street-oriented group are mostly violent and feel disenfranchisedRead MoreDoes the Environment of a Child Impact Their Development?1050 Words   |  5 Pagesthey are raised in. Within the neighborhood there are several other aspect of influence. Where a child is raised can affect their behavior, attitudes, emotions, personality, values, health, and so much more. This can be seen in their personal lives at home to their social lives around others in classrooms. The affects of a child’s development due to their environment can be seen in both a positive and negat ive aspect. The neighborhood that a child is raised in can be very critical in their development

Sister Hazel - Somewhere More Familiar free essay sample

The first time I heard Sister Hazel, I was reading a Charles Dickens novel, and after the first three words of the song I set the book aside and ran my stereo to turn up the volume. Soon I found myself dancing around my room, tossing the book in the air. I had just finished the part where Davy had been dropped off at a London school, and he didnt seem too happy about it. I wasnt too into David Copperfield anyway and when this unbelievable sound filled my room, I immediately forgot all about Davys troubles. I was flying!! The words just sank in me like a heavy rain. Sister Hazels songs are so strong they must be protected by a citadel, and the words move me in a way I cant describe. They hover over me everywhere I go, constantly re-playing in my head. We will write a custom essay sample on Sister Hazel Somewhere More Familiar or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I soon evolved the habit of trying to sing like Sister Hazel, but I cant kid myself: the sounds come out discordant. And besides, their voices are impossible to mimic, which makes them unique. No one, but no one, can imitate them. Ive amassed all their tunes in my mind and just say to myself WOW how could they create such a sound? And the lyrics are incredible, too. Rain comes pouring down, falling from blue skies/words without a sound coming from your eyes. Is that awesome, or what? I mean, where have you heard such adages from a band? It doesnt get better than this! This is the supreme, the Boys II Men, Soundgarden, all-in-one can you believe it? If you havent heard Sister Hazel already check it out. Youve got some listening to do!.

Personal Branding Website 5 Tips to Help You Nail Yours

Branding is key, regardless of your websites focus. It doesnt matter if youre running a blog, an online store, or a service site – your brand will play a significant role in the way visitors perceive you, so its important to start developing it as soon as possible. Thats where a personal branding website comes into play.With a powerful brand, people may begin to recognize your content simply by seeing your logo or your sites other imagery. This kind of recognition is fantastic because it means that your audience knows and trusts you. As a result, youre likely to have fewer problems attracting conversions.In this article, were going to talk a little about what online branding is and the role your site plays in it. Then well cover some tips for building a personal branding website using WordPress. Lets begin! , tagline, colors, and style are all pieces of its brand. In other words, your online brand is a combination of all the elements that people associate with your website and other presences (such as your social media profiles).If you think about it, most popular websites have easily-recognizable branding.Take this logo, for example:Were willing to bet you know exactly what service this icon represents, even without seeing it in context.A powerful online brand can make your website more memorable and engaging, which is crucial for building an audience and driving conversions. Of course, branding alone is not enough – youll still need to create and publish engaging content if you want your personal branding website to succeed. If you pair both of those elements together, youll have a winning combo on your hands.Five tips for creating an effective personal branding websiteBranding, in most cases, is all about implementing a few key elements. In the next several sections, well talk about what those elements are, and how to use them to develop an effective personal branding website.1. Design a unique logo that reflects your brandWhen it comes to onli ne branding, your logo is the element that stands out most. A unique logo can set you apart from the competition and make your website and content easier to recognize. Not taking the time to create (or commission) one is a wasted branding opportunity.The problem is that not everyone has the design chops to create a stylish logo. In some cases, hiring a designer to do this for you will be your best option. Of course, youll need a decent budget if you want a logo that doesnt look like it was put together in five minutes.Whether you decide to design a logo on your own or hire someone to do it, there are a few things youll need to keep in mind:Your logos concept should reflect what your site is all about.It should be easy to read and/or understand quickly.It should include your brand colors (well talk more about this element in a moment).To play it safe, we recommend that you commission multiple logo variations, so you can weigh your options and choose the one that represents your brand perfectly. While youre at it, you might also consider developing a tagline that describes what your brand is about, as this is an excellent complement to a strong logo.2. Choose a color palette for your websiteIn some cases, users learn (usually subconsciously) to associate specific colors with a particular site. When you think about Facebook, for example, you can probably picture the exact shade of blue the company uses throughout its website and other materials.Thats not a coincidence, either. That association forms because those sites make color a deliberate part of their branding strategy. To do the same, youll need to choose a color – or multiple hues – and incorporate them into as many elements of your site as you can.Choosing a palette where each color complements the others can be tricky. However, using a color wheel  can make the process significantly easier. For best results, youll want to stick with somewhere between one and three primary colors.As for wh ich elements to use your brand colors on, there are plenty to choose from, including:Buttons and Calls To Action (CTAs)Navigation bars and footersDividers between sectionsFeatured imagesThose are just a few places to start, of course. You can get pretty creative when it comes to incorporating your brand colors into your designs. Just keep in mind that consistency is critical, which brings us to the next section.3. Keep your branding consistent throughout your websiteFor a personal branding website to work, it requires a high level of consistency. That is to say, your branding elements should appear throughout each page, and should look uniform.To give you an example, you wouldnt want to use two different logos within the same website, since that could easily lead to confusion. The same logic applies to all other aspects of your branding, from the colors you use, to which elements you apply those colors to.This also means that if you use a particular color for CTAs on one page, its b est to do the same on other relevant pages. The goal is for users to become acquainted with your brands core elements, so theyll recognize them more easily over time.4. Add social icons to your websiteThese days, just about every website needs a social media presence. Moreover, those social media accounts should also represent your online brand. That means using the same logo, colors, and tagline, as well as writing in the same style as your sites content.Keep in mind that you dont need social media accounts on every platform, just those that are relevant to your audience. Then youll want to link those accounts to your WordPress website, and the best way to do that is by using social icons.The WordPress community offers a lot of plugins you can use to achieve this. One of our favorites is called Social Icons Widget: Social Icons Widget by WPZOOM Author(s): WPZOOMCurrent Version: 3.4.0Last Updated: October 5, 2019social-icons-widget-by-wpzoom.zip 98%Ratings 674,802Downloads W P 4.3+Requires This plugin includes icons for over 80 social media websites (yes, there are that many of them!). Plus, it enables you to add any of them to your pages using widgets. This will direct your website visitors towards your social pages, where theyll be exposed to more of the same branding – hopefully helping it to stick more effectively.5. Create an About Us or About Me pageIf you want people to connect with your online brand, they need to know what its all about and what you or your business stands for. The easiest way to share this information is by adding an About Us section or page to your website:About Us pages dont need to be overly complicated. In most cases, a few pictures of your team or headquarters alongside a brief introduction will do the trick. The idea is to give visitors enough information that they know youre more than just a personal branding website, and there are real people behind the content you publish.There are plenty of ways you can go abou t creating an About Us page in WordPress. Some themes include pre-built sections or pages that are perfect for these purposes, including several of our own. So you may want to  check those out and see which one is a good fit for your site.Go to topConclusionChances are high that a lot of your favorite websites have powerful online branding. Youd probably be able to recognize their names and logos anywhere. Your goal is to use your website to develop your online brand in much the same way, until it reaches the point where you dont need to introduce yourself anymore.Lets review some of the ways you can develop a personal branding website from the ground up:Design or commission a unique logo that reflects your brand.Choose a color palette for your website.Keep branding consistent across all your pages and content.Add social icons to your website.Create an About Us page. Free guide5 Essential Tips to Speed Up Your WordPress SiteReduce your loading time by even 50-80% just by following simple tips.

The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Example Essay Example

The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Example Paper The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Introduction One issue that has been a controversy is the preservation of endangered species. Ever since the 1960’s, scientists have been fighting for laws and acts to protect animals and plants in keeping them in good health and their populations high in numbers. The problem is animals and plants are having trouble surviving in today’s world which leads them to be classified as endangered or threatened. Endangered, meaning animals or plants with little population that the species could soon become extinct and threatened is less severe and basically just means that they are close to becoming endangered. By species becoming endangered, this affects our habitat’s biodiversity. Today, however, human beings are dependent for their food, health, well-being and enjoyment of life on fundamental biological systems and processes. Humans derive all of its food and many medicines and industrial products from the wild and without biological diversity these actions could not take place. Overall, major concern is stressed over this topic not only for species well-being, but for our strength and our environment. The law has a major impact on life sciences. The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Body Paragraphs Many acts and laws have been passed and through the years even revised to help benefit the species. The first act is a major act in dealing with this subject . The Endangered Species Preservation Act of 1966 and the Endangered Species Conservation act of 1969 was to demonstrate the stress on trying to protect endangered species. Although they weren’t that effective. So on December 28, 1973, Richard M. Nixon signs the Endangered Species Act, which leads to the rise of environmental protection legislation. This law makes it illegal for Americans to import or trade in any product made from an endangered or threatened species unless it is used for an approved scientific purpose or to enhance the survival of the species. Also the endangered species on this list cannot be hunted , killed, collected, or injured in the United States. This law is said to be the toughest environmental law. Of course that isn’t the only law that affected or aided conservation. The convention of In ternational Trade in Endangered Species, also known as CITES was amended in 1975. As of 1993, it was signed by 120 countries and lists 675 species that cannot be commercially traded as live specimens or wildlife products because they are endangered or threatened. Another recent act is the Rhinoceros and Tiger Conservation Act of 1994. The US congress passed this to provide resources to conservations programs focused on saving these endangered species. This year Congress should be making a revisable copy and figure out the spending on these animals. There are many other acts like the African Elephant Conservation Act of 1988 which is to assist the conservation and protection of African elephants. The Lacey Act of 1990, which prohibits import, export, transportation, sale, or purchase of fish, wildlife, or plants that are taken in violation of any Federal, State, tribal or foreign law. And lastly there is the Eagle Protection Act which began in 1940. This act makes it unlawful to impo rt, export, take, sell, purchase, or barter any bald eagle or golden eagle, even if its just their parts. All of these acts are dealing with this issue directly, which is not the case all the time. Many laws are put into effect for another issue but indirectly help the preservations of animals and plants. One example would be the Clean Air Act of 1990. It was amended in 1970. This act was to place limits on industrial pollutants that cause acid rain, called for reductions in toxic and carcinogenic chemicals released by U. S. factories and reduction in automobile emissions; included reductions of 50 percent in industrial emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, 70 percent in carbon monoxide from automobiles, and 20 percent in other emissions; 250 toxic chemicals were to be monitored by the Environmental Protection Agency; and industries would be required to use the best technology to prevent such wastes. The reason for this act was pollution but it does help out endangered spe cies. It helps their health which helps their population grow. Although it’s not a subject you hear about all the time in the media or just in everyday conversation, but the percentages of endangered animals and endangered species are high. One-fourth of the world’s species of mammals are threatened with extinction. Half of that number may be gone in a decade. . There is 77 species of Cetacea, 4 species of Sirenia, 113 species of primates and 99 species or Carnivora are included. From 1970 to 1993 the number for United States only species on the Endangered and Threatened list grew about eight times bigger from 92 to 775. Up to 100 species become extinct every day. Scientists estimate that the total number of species lost each year may climb to 40,000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years. Most of these facts are just focusing on the endangerment of animals. But there is an alarming number of 19,000 plant species that are endangered too . Plants are just as important to preserve for they are part of our biodiversity also. There are many reasons for the cause of endangerment. One main reason is mankind destruction. The environment is always changing but when it is a natural change, individuals adapt. When the pace of change of the habitat is greatly accelerated, there may be no time for the species to react to the new circumstances. Such human activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, conversion of shrub lands to grazing lands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization, coral-reef destruction, and road and dam construction have destroyed or seriously damaged and fragmented available habitats. This is the reason that rapid habitat loss is regarded as the main cause of endangerment. Another cause could be an introduction of an exotic species. When a foreign species intentionally or accidentally is introduced in a new setting it will cause problems to the native species. Such problems may be preying or competi tion. A third reason is overexploitation. This refers to the utilization of the species at a rate that would make them endangered. Other factors are involved in the cause for this but these are the main reasons. Knowing what causes endangerment is a major key to helping the situation. This not only helps environmentalists but Congress and legislators in making decisions and actions that could contribute in making laws to stop endangerment. Many acts were passed to help the preservation of species, but everyday issues are discussed and new laws are underway. This is essential in helping species and our environment in being beneficial. If law was not conveyed, then every animal and plant would be extinct, which would lead to the extinction of humans. Many current issues are always being discussed in United States legislation and in other countries. Japan is again at war with conservationists over proposals to resume trading in whales, elephant ivory and marine turtles. Canada unveiled its first-ever bill designed to protect endangered species from extinction on April 11, a measure that would impose stiff fines and prison sentences on those guilty of harming rare flora and fauna. In the United States, a current issue was when President Clinton’s $1. 84 trillion budget for fiscal year 2001, includes a record $250 million increase for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. These are just a couple of issues that have been discussed and that have been in the environmental law spotlight. Everyday there are current event issues that have new legislation pending. The most current one is the National Marine Fisheries Service is scheduled to complete its study of ways to save endangered salmon and trout population in the Columbia river system, including a controversial proposal to breach four hydroelectric dams on the lower Snake River. An important issue is always ways to help. There are many things that people can do to help wildlife. To people this might not seem like its worth their time but even helping out locally, in the neighborhood, really ends up helping nationally. Finding groups that are working to conserve or rehabilitate our habitat to join, recycle and reuse, write to local politicians, consider a career in wildlife, or volunteer to assists groups in endangered species projects. A simple but effective way to help endangered species to survive is by joining clubs that aim to protect and conserve nature and wildlife. By giving them a small amount on a frequent basis you support them and make it possible for them to set up campaigns, reservations etc. Many organizations having been fighting and been very successful in getting laws passed. Some of these organizations are Green peace, WWF (World Wide Fund For Nature), Conservation International, and The Nature Conversancy. Some of these are non-political but they do have one thing in common, which is to help endangered species. Life Science and the law is a topic that shouldn’t be taken so lightly. It effects not only animals and plants but the earths biodiversity which affects humans. It is also known as environmental law. By having these laws and acts, it helps preservation. Plants and animals hold medicinal, agricultural, ecological, commercial, and recreational value. By protecting then future generations can experience presence and value. I leave with this quote which helps sum up the importance of the of conservation. â€Å"We are all one. Birds, plants, animals, minerals – we are all different manifestations of the same essential energy. Our way ahead, our searches and dreams are the molecular expression of the life experience of everything that makes up our planet. By caring for it, we will help each other to grow. † – Alejandro Lerner, Alejandro Lerner is an Argentinean writer and composer Bibliography 1) Dubay, Denis. Environmental Science. ed. 3 vols. GeoSystems Global Corporation, 1999. 2) Gwinn, Robert. The New Encycloped ia Britannica. ed. 15 vols. , 1992. 3) Bryant, Peter. â€Å"Endangered Species Conservation† Online, April 12, 2000. 4) Tuerek, Karen. â€Å"Protecting Endangered Species: A Citizens’s Alert for Legislative Action† Online, April 2000 5) Environmental News Network. Online. http://www. enn. com. Accessed April 14, 2000 We will write a custom essay sample on The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Preservation of Endangered Species Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

DNA and The Double Helix essays

DNA and The Double Helix essays In The Double Helix, a reader can find James D. Watson's first-hand accounts of the competitive race in science that led to the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule. The DNA research Watson and his colleagues took part in demanded knowledge in many areas of expertise, but the most critical area was that of X-ray analysis. By creating photographic two-dimensional pictures of the three dimensional DNA molecule, Watson and his team were able to analyze these pictures and determine that DNA is actually shaped as a double helix structure. This discovery proved to be a true scientific breakthrough, ultimately winning Watson a Nobel prize in 1962. The title "The Double Helix" refers to the complex structure of DNA, however, the book is not a technical work. The book functions as a scientist's journal about a part of his life and work leading up to his greatest achievement and its impact. Watson's story starts from the fall of 1951 when he arrives at the Cavendish Laboratory of Cambridge University, and ends with the publication proposing a brilliant new structure for DNA in April of 1953. Watson originally begins working with a group studying the three-dimensional structure of proteins. Then slowly he and Crick team up to investigate the structure of DNA. Two scholars from Oxford, Maurice Wilkins, and Rosy Franklin, as well as Linus Pauling from the United States, were all independently studying DNA structure. Toward the end of the story, the book turns into a competitive race to find the true structure of the mysterious molecule. Each scientist knows that there are phosphates, sugars, and bases involved and there are fou r types of nucleotides. The scientists also suspect that the molecule is in some sort of helix formation. Watson and his team are most motivated by the fact that renowned chemist Linus Pauling is also attempting the problem. Watson and Crick have the upper hand, however, since they have the work of Rosalind...

Strategic management ..case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Strategic management ..case analysis - Essay Example account the stability in the firm’s profits – the years 1998-1999 was a period with no increase in the firm’s profits despite the facts that the investment on the firm’s units remained high. The plan of Brenda Barnes was based on the ‘divestiture of weak-performing business units and product categories accounting for $8.2 billion in sales’ (case study). The specific strategic decision could be characterized at a first level as risky – the business units involved in the plan represent the 40% of the firm’s revenues. In this context, the firm’s profitability would be reduced; however, Barnes believed that the specific initiative would lead shortly to the increase of the firm’s profitability. In accordance with the above, the retrenchment strategy suggested by Barnes has changed the firm’s existing line up. Up to the introduction of Barne’s strategic plan the firm was based on the simultaneous promotion o f various products/ services but also the continuous expansion of the firm’s operational activities through the acquisition of competitors; Barne’s strategic plan has led to the limitation of expansion of the firm’s activities but also to the increase of its strength regarding specific products/ services – those with strong brand names. The effectiveness of the specific strategy will be analyzed further on taking into consideration the market conditions and the position/ power of competitors. The products offered by Sara Lee represent a wide range of industries. At its beginning (1939) the firm was related with the distribution of specific products (sugar, coffee, tea). Gradually, the firm’s activities were expanded to many different industries (selling of meat, canned products, vacuum cleaners, personal care products, household products, athletic wear, grocery, bakery products, coffee brands and so on). The long – term attractiveness of these brands cannot be guaranteed; because all these products need to be equally promoted, the